| Event ID: | 28482 |
| Contact Name: | ministry of education- the kingdom of saudi arabia |
| Contact Email: | alailmi2008@gamil.com |
| Contact Phone: | oo966114753000/51438 / 0581312666 |
| Organization: | alebtedaeyh alsadesah |
| Event Web Site: | http://www.school-g.forumarabia.com/forum |
| Dates: | 4th October 2019 to 10th October 2019 |
| Physical Event: | Yes |
| Type: | Public |
| Start/End Type: | Starts During WSW |
| Country: | Saudi Arabia |
| State/Province: | tabuk |
| City: | tabuk |
| Address: | alazizyah |
| Location: | alezizyah |
| Event Name: | the moon : gateway to the stars |
| Event Description: | How are we preparing astronauts for a return to the Moon? Returning to the Moon won’t be easy, even though we’ve been there before. In a way, it’s going to be more difficult precisely because we’ve already been there. Thanks to Apollo and a host of remote sensing observations, we know vastly more about the Moon now than we did before humanity’s first landing. New knowledge breeds ever more scientific questions about the Moon’s origin and evolution, while from a technical standpoint, looking back on Apollo teaches us priceless lessons on how to explore another world. This combined body of scientific and technical knowledge gives rise to a daunting list of new challenges that must be overcome before renewed exploration. Fortunately, several talks and posters throughout the 2018 Lunar and Planetary Science Conference demonstrated that countless people around the world are working to prepare Moon-bound astronauts to hit the ground running – once they get used to running in one-sixth g, of course. The "road map" As many readers are probably aware, national space policy has shifted toward returning humans to the Moon. Mars is, for now, a more distant goal. John Guidi, Deputy Director of the Advanced Exploration Systems Division of NASA’s Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, laid out the current plan for human exploration of the solar system: NASA and its international partners will build a space station in lunar orbit from which remote science and, eventually, crewed landings will take place (estimated to occur around 2025). This cooperative, international station, known as the Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway (can we please just keep calling it the "Gateway?"), will be visited by astronauts for up to three months at a time. According to Guidi, its mission will be multi-faceted, spanning technology development, commercial utilization, and international scientific research. Construction is slated to begin in the 2020’s with the launch of a "Power, Propulsion, and Equipment" module, or PPE. This first launch may carry scientific experiments—a prospect that had the "Luna-tics" at LPSC over the Moon. Early efforts are underway to define what sort of experiments those might be, including a "Gateway Science workshop" held earlier this year. According to Guidi, one of the primary outcomes of that meeting was the need for a robotic arm on the Gateway to install experiments outside the station. Concept art for NASA’s Lunar Orbital Platform – Gateway NASA CONCEPT ART FOR NASA’S LUNAR ORBITAL PLATFORM – GATEWAY Guidi was careful to point out that this is just an illustration, and that the resemblance of any component to any nation’s (or company’s) space vehicles is purely coincidental. Scientists aren’t the only ones excited about new bootprints in the lunar dust. During a special session commemorating the success of Apollo 17, former NASA Flight Director Gerry Griffin described how the mission’s flight directors gathered in Mission Control as the capsule sped back to Earth. With humanity’s last planned Moon landing complete, they expected astronauts to be on Mars within 20 years. Obviously, that didn’t happen. As a result, NASA’s expertise in planetary surface exploration has been lost over time. "A return to the Moon," Griffin says, "will allow us to get our ‘deep space mojo’ back before a return to Mars." Moonwalker Jack Schmitt, who routinely contributes to sessions at LPSC by offering his first-hand insights into lunar geology, agreed. "The Moon allows us to practice for Mars while doing valuable science." Preparing for a new era of lunar exploration "Destination: Moon" is all well and good, but how do we prepare astronauts to be as effective as possible when they finally touch down on the dusty surface? The answer is, not surprisingly, practice! Just as the Moon will be an excellent training ground for Mars, extreme environments here on Earth are great places to test out hardware and techniques for exploring other worlds. Analogs are environments simulating various aspects of spaceflight. NASA uses extreme environments like the seafloor, remote caves, or the windblown ice sheets of Antarctica as analogs for life in space. In these environments, astronauts and ground teams learn both operational and technological lessons that enable more productive exploration of planetary surfaces. Operational lessons relate to the way spaceflight is managed. How should astronauts prioritize their time? What’s the best way for scientists on Earth to communicate their needs to a crew in space? When a decision must be made, which mission goals are most important? During analog missions in an environment similar to spaceflight, astronauts learn to answer these questions while investigating an area of genuine scientific interest or testing out new technology for exploring planetary surfaces. One such operational analog is the European Space Agency’s CAVES program (LPSC Abstract 1458; CAVES being a wonderfully reverse-engineered acronym for "Cooperative Adventure for Valuing and Exercising human behavior and performance Skills"), which prepares astronauts for planetary surface exploration by setting them loose to explore a network of caves in Sardinia, Italy. After several days of skills training, the program culminates in a multi-day underground excursion during which the astronauts explore the caves independently, putting their scientific exploration skills to the test. According to CAVES instructor Francesco Sauro, the expeditions are already revealing useful tricks that will lead to more fruitful exploration of the Moon (and eventually Mars). For example, it turned out that astronaut crews were able to conduct better, faster exploration when they were given daily objectives but not a precise schedule; greater flexibility resulted in greater scientific return. The program also emphasized the value of mixed teams. Mauro explains that different astronaut personality types complement each other during independent exploration: in general, pilot astronauts focus on safety and planning, but can get carried away exploring without documenting their findings; Scientist-astronauts focus on the measurements, but can get hyper-focused on a single, interesting area and lose track of time. |
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